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Getting Started with Rails

In this chapter we’ll begin our Rails journey by focusing on the basic
concepts that drive the Rails framework. We’ll then get up and running
quickly by installing Rails and building a small test application.
The Rails framework is built using the Ruby programming language,
and a better understanding of Ruby is essential to mastering Rails.
Don’t worry if you’re not familiar with Ruby, though. Many developers
end up learning Ruby as they are learning Rails. The next few chapters
will get you up to speed with the Ruby language and how the Ruby
programming philosophy differs from PHP.
Rails as an Extension of Ruby Magento shop by brand
David Heinemeier Hansson extracted Rails from an application he wrote
for his company, 37signals. He released it as open source in 2004, and
there is now a group of developers on the core team actively apply
ing features and patches to Rails. David’s original framework actually
began in PHP, but he later found Ruby to be a much better fit for what
he needed to do.
You’ll find the expressiveness of Ruby embraced fully in Rails to create
language conventions that are specific to Rails. The Rails core team is
concerned about creating a syntax that is friendly to humans. In lan
guages such as C and PHP, we sometimes get lost in curly brackets and
semicolons that make us feel like programs are written for machines.
In good Ruby programs like Rails, programs always feel like they are
written for humans.Rails takes advantage of numerous powerful Ruby features that allow
classes and methods to be created and modified at runtime. By using
the dynamic nature of Ruby, we can write incredibly flexible programs.
This dynamic nature can also help keep our application code as clean
and DRY as possible.
The Rails framework is composed of several different Ruby libraries.
As an introduction to Rails, let’s start by taking a look at the different
components that make up the framework.
The Components of Rails
Rails is a full stack framework, which means it contains all the tools
needed to get a basic application up and running. The Rails stack is
split into various components that we’ll often refer to by name. These
are some of the components that we’ll talk about most.
ActiveRecord
This is the heart of most Rails applications and is an object rela
tional mapper (ORM) that maps database tables to objects in our
application. We’ll use this exclusively when interacting with the
database.
ActionPack
This part of Rails handles the request/response cycle and includes
the template and rendering part of our application.
ActiveSupport
This part of Rails provides shared code that is used to build many
of the other Rails components. It also contains additional func
tionality ranging from multibyte character support to date and
time logic.
ActionMailer
This part will help us build and send email messages from within
our application.
Rake
This is a tool used to execute different tasks in our application.
These tasks include running tests, building documentation, and
doing much more. This is not a component of the Rails package
per se but is a Ruby tool that is tightly integrated into the Rails
workflow.